In the human body, a network of blood vessels is provided to provide part of the body with oxygen and the necessary nutrients for the right metabolic processes: arteries and veins. The blood -saturated blood flows through the arteries and blood with processing products flows through the veins: carbon dioxide and waste from metabolic processes that have to be transmitted to the organs to remove them from the body. But if the blood flow rate along the arteries is quite high, the blood circulation in the veins slows down and the blood contained in them overcomes the strength of gravity and returns to the heart. So that there is no mechanical blood drainage in the veins in them, valves are provided that only open in one direction. After closing, blood cannot flow down. For a number of reasons, however, these valves lose their elasticity and their elasticity and they do not close what enables part of the blood in the veins to take a larger volume in the veins than to provide physiological laws.
This excess blood volume leads to an expansion of the veins and leads to a change in the bleeding wall - pockets are formed in which stagnating blood is collected. All this pathological process is referred to as disease disease or varicose veins. Varicose veins manifest themselves more frequently in the legs, since a larger volume of venous blood is collected here, but often manifested in the hands. What contributes to this?
Causes of varicose veins
There must be predisposing factors and provoking for the development of an illness. The first contains:
- The inheritance of the transfer of non -violation of the structure of the circulatory system, in particular the flap apparatus,
- Congenital changes in the vessels,
- Violations of metabolic processes that lead to thinning the wall of the vessel and loss of elasticity (diabetes mellitus, violation of the function of the thyroid and adrenal glands).
- Age changes in the walls of the ships.
Provocier factors:
- As a sitting lifestyle, there is no necessary muscle work to contract and mechanically push blood through the vessels.
- In the long term on his feet during the day (teacher, hairdressers, behind the machine in factories, etc. ),
- Excess body weight,
- Pregnancy (the metabolism changes and the stress on the legs increases and the intravascular pressure increases during birth).
- Long and frequent physical effort with lifting weights (poles, moving companies),
- Injuries to the muscles of the limbs or blood vessels,
- The toxic effect of nicotine, alcohol, chemicals and drugs.
Clinical manifestations of varicose veins on the arms and legs
- It all begins with complaints about fatigue in the legs or hands, their rapid tiredness, a feeling of severity and numbness in them first appears until the end of the working day and then constantly.
- Swelling, swelling appears, it is observed more often on the legs in the evening.
- Extended vessels are first conspicuous with physical exertion and stress and then they are visible in peace, the so -called vascular stars.
- Confusion (cones) occurs along the vessel and increases the volume during the physical exertion or by coughing, sneezing (with an increase in the intra abdominal pressure).
Varicose veins of the veins of the pelvis
It is characterized by long -term painful pain in the pelvis, a plenty of displacement of the vagina, painful sexual actions, quick urination and urinary incontinence. Tumors in the pelvis and uterus are a provocative factor that mechanically squeezes the veins, which mechanically presses the veins, an increase in the intra abdominal pressure. Each part of the abdomen can be given pain, but more often in the groin area and in the sacrum.
Expansion of the veins of the intra -abdominal space
The most dangerous expansion of the veins of the liver (portal veins) and the esophagus. However, they are less often expanded, but are dangerous for health due to possible bleeding, which means that difficulties in medical care are provided in this case.
Dangerous complications of the disease disease
- Venous blood stagnates in the veins and is not cleaned by harmful substances and toxins in terms of time, which means that the body is constantly reflexed, which further worsen the metabolic disorders and poisoning.
- The blood volume collects in the knots or pockets of blood vessels, blood cells (platelets) are glued together and a thrombus is formed. It can close the lumen of the same vessel and reach the vessels of the lungs, the heart, the brain with a blood flow and cause a violation of blood supply that manifests itself:
- Acute lung artery Thromboembolism (respiratory injury that leads to the patient's death),
- A stroke that can have a different nature of a violation of functions (from a slight paresis of the limbs to deep disability and even a fatal result),
- Myocardial infarction and light,
- Thrombosis of blood vessels, which leads to blindness.
Stadiums of varicose veins
The first is the phase of the symptoms if there are no visible signs of vascular damage:
- Cramping pulling the muscles of the rear surface of the legs, brushes and shoulder;
- Night burning pain in them;
- The swelling of the feet and hands after physical exertion and if you specifically lower your hand or leg that holds without movement for a long time, the shoes begin to discharge in the legs in the evening.
The second - pain will appear in the intensity of persistent, longer, "vascular stars", the swelling of the feet, which can only happen until morning. There are restrictions during work, the need for short -term peace.
The third - pain and numbness intensify, take on a constant character that burns more at night. During sleep, it is difficult for a person to find a comfortable position. Exhibited visual changes from the skin appear - the dryness of the skin is improved, the tendency towards the crack, the veins are expanding significantly, nodules occur. The night's sleep does not make the fountain easier. For long, non -healing ulcers seem quickly that inflammation in them in late period - thrombophlebitis.
Diagnosis of vein expansion
- Rate the patient's symptoms correctly.
- An ultrasound examination through the abdominal wall or through the vagina due to pain in the pelvis - the presence of batch bends and the expansion of the lumen will be noticeable.
- With Dopplerography you can estimate the speed of blood flow through the veins.
In severe and not completely understandable cases, surgeons use laparoscopy.
Treatment of varicose veins
Non -drug treatment - to normalize the right lifestyle in order to maintain body weight relative to age, do work and to be able, not to run, not to limit the fluid intake. Give the legs an increased position during the rest. Use compression underwear (stockings, golf) if necessary. Massage courses, training therapy, spa treatment.
Pharmaceutical treatment - intake especially medication in tablets or use ointments locally in the form of applications and compresses
Surgical treatment - take away to remove the damaged vein or plastic.
How to prevent the development of varicose veins
- People who are at risk (drivers, hairdressers, seamstresses, surgeons, heavy workers) should listen carefully to changes in the body, while the pain syndrome notice and evaluate and not write off everything for general fatigue.
- Try to exclude the long -term forced positions of the body to sit on the crouch on another knee with an abandoned foot. Change the position of the body more often.
- During the day, they carry out a small warm up (go, tip the body forward and tilting backwards, crouching), so that the muscles can mechanically pump the limbs mechanically. Run a little or jump on site.
- Follow weight correction, especially in adulthood, if the blood flow rate tends to decrease.
- Do not wear things that tighten the body and exclude the delayed linen.
- Change the height of the heel from high to low during the day. Preference to give heels 2-5, 5 cm high.
- Make sure that you go barefoot in an artificial gravel (carpets with needles, imitation of mussels).
- Healthy eating with a high content of vitamin C (green, sauerkraut, berries).
- Exclude bad habits.
- Massage courses or lymphatic drainage sessions.
- Swimming in if there are no contraindications (hard disk hernia) - Scandinavian walking.
Attention: varicose veins are progressive, it is not accessible to complete the healing and quite dangerous with its complications. You always have to remember it and take measures to prevent young people and do not neglect them if it is available later. Caring for the health of the legs is concerned about a healthy age.